A team of French investigators has discovered viruses containing genes for antibiotic resistance in a fossilized fecal sample from 14th century Belgium, long before antibiotics were used in medicine.
The viruses in the fecal sample are phages, which are viruses that infect bacteria , rather than infecting eukaryotic organisms such as animals, plants, and fungi.
Most of the viral sequences the researchers found in the ancient coprolite (fossil fecal sample) were related to viruses currently known to infect bacteria commonly found in stools (and hence, in the human gastrointestinal tract), including both bacteria that live harmlessly, and even helpfully in the human gut , and human pathogens, says corresponding author Christelle Desnues of Aix Marseille Université.
"In the present study, we thus focused on the viral fraction of the coprolite by using, for the first time, a combination of electron microscopy, high-throughput sequencing and suicide PCR approaches."
Desnues and her collaborators are currently conducting further studies on the fungi and parasites in the coprolites, which she says will be of interest not only to microbiologists, but to historians, anthropologists, and evolutionists.
Metabolic energy
Feb 26, 2014
Is there any possibility to elicit a chemical reaction of enzymes or any biocatalyst due to the response of rf energy.
http://phy.so/312736261
The viruses in the fecal sample are phages, which are viruses that infect bacteria , rather than infecting eukaryotic organisms such as animals, plants, and fungi.
Most of the viral sequences the researchers found in the ancient coprolite (fossil fecal sample) were related to viruses currently known to infect bacteria commonly found in stools (and hence, in the human gastrointestinal tract), including both bacteria that live harmlessly, and even helpfully in the human gut , and human pathogens, says corresponding author Christelle Desnues of Aix Marseille Université.
"In the present study, we thus focused on the viral fraction of the coprolite by using, for the first time, a combination of electron microscopy, high-throughput sequencing and suicide PCR approaches."
Desnues and her collaborators are currently conducting further studies on the fungi and parasites in the coprolites, which she says will be of interest not only to microbiologists, but to historians, anthropologists, and evolutionists.
Metabolic energy
Feb 26, 2014
Is there any possibility to elicit a chemical reaction of enzymes or any biocatalyst due to the response of rf energy.
http://phy.so/312736261
